Shock-absorber.



R. R. WALKER.

SHOCK ABSORBER.

APPLICATION FlLED ma. 8. 1915.

' Patented Oct. 12, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

WITNESSES:

M ORNEK R, R. WALKER.

SHOCK ABSORBER.'

APPLICATION FILED MAR- 8, I9I5,

1,156,646, Patented 0%,12, 1915. I 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

W1 TNESSES wwg A TTOANEY.

I Brooke, and State of Fleet Vii" UNITED rarest QFFWE,

RAYMOND R. 'WALKEB, F FOLLANSFBEE, WEST VIRGINIA.

sneer-Assessors.

Specification: of letters Patent.

Patented Och r2, 11ers;

Application filed Hcrch 8, 1915. I Serial No. 12,721.

To all whom it may concern: 7 v

I Be it known that l, RAYMOND B. WALKER, a citizen of the United States of America, and resident of hollansbee, jcounty of n invented certain new and useful Improvements in Shock-Absorbers, of which the fol lowing is a specification. This invention relates to shock absorbers,

and'more articularly to a shock absorbing 1Aevice' designed for application to motor a provide an vehicles, whereby vehicles.

' The primaryobject oi theinvention is to improved device of the air cushiop type adapted for application to motor the shocks incident to road trevel are efiectually absorbed or reduced too minimum.

' A further object is to provide a device of the character mentioned which is double acting in that boththe downward and return movements of its movable parts are so retarded as to cushion the shocks.

1' VJ ith these and other important objects in I View, the invention I'QSldQS in the features of construction, arrangement of parts arid combinations of elements which Will hereinafter foradjusting the d invention be fully described, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, "forming a part this specification, in Which Figure 1 is a central vertical section of the i Fig. 2 is a horizontal section taken on line 2-72, Fig. 1, showing means vice With respect to the axle; Fig. 3 is a detail perspective view of the ltey constltuting a part of the axle mounting; Big. 4: is a view similar to Fig.

1, illustrating a modified structure; and

5 is section on the line 55, Fig. 4. Referring to said drawings, in which like designating characters distinguish like parts throughout the several views, 1 indicates a cylinder having a. closed lower end 2 which may either be integral, as shown in l, or in the form of a screw-cap, as shown in Fig. 1. Ejaicl cylinder is designed for ccnnection, by a bell and socket joint, olesigneted generally by the numeral 3', to the I axle of a vehicle, as will be more particularly explained hereinafter. Slidably dis? posed within the open upper end of said cyh.

bell. checlr l2,

inder 1 is a second cylinder 4 having suitahis connection at its upper closed end with I the vehicle frame (not shown) and having its lower end closed, as by a' threaded plug 5; and operable Within said second cylinder is a piston 6 having a vertically disposed rod 7 which extends centrally through the closed end 5 and hes lower end rigidly connected to the lower end 2 of cylinder'l.

An air chamber 8 is constituted between the lower end 2 of cylinder 1 and the lower end 5 of cylinder *1; a second air chamher 9 is constituted'betvveen the, closed upper end of cylinder l andthe piston 6, and. a third air chamber 10 is constituted between said piston and the lower, end 5 of cylinder 4:. v An inlet port 11 is providedfor admitdug air to the chamber 8,-said port being controlled by a suitable check-valve, as a Communication between the chamber 8 and the chamber 10 is had through a port 13in the lower end 5 of cylinder 4, a check valve, as 14, preventing return of air from chamber 10 to chamber 8. Ancl communication is had between said chamber 10 and the chamber 9 through a port 15 provided in the piston rod. 7 and leading through the piston 6, a check valve, as 31, preventing return or air from chamber 9 to chamber 10. An exhaust check valve 1-6 is provided at or adjacent to the upper endmitted. to escape to the atmosphere but slofvly through theport 17 which is of restrlcted S1Z-$.- The partial vacuum formed in chamber 10 is partially relieved by the air entering through-'port'13, Thus a don his air cushion and apertral vacuum are eficrded Whereby the epgroach o said cyl rude-rs 1. ends s retarded for reducing downwardly directed shocks. Upon the rebound, or return' up ard movement. of cylinder 4-, partial vacuums are created in chambers t5 and 9. and a cushion is formed by the air in chamber 10, said air being permitted to pass but slowly from chamber 10 to chamber through restricted port 15. The suction created in chamber R acts to lift cheek-valve 12 for admitting air through the single inlet port 11 for replacing exhausted air.

It will be noted that the lower end of the port 13 opens into the chamber it? at a considerable distance 'below the piston 3. The purpose of thus positioning said port is to permit the closed end 5 of cylinder l to close the port on the rebound stroke, preventing the further escape of air from chamber 10. and thus to so confine the remaining air that actual engagement of the said 'end 5 with the piston is positively prevented.

In like manner the port 17 opens into cham her 9 at a considerable distance from the closed upper end ol' cylinder l so that it will be closed by thepiston near the end of the down-stroke and a positive air cushion formed for n-evrnting actual engagement between said piston and said closed upper end.

As iSXd'H'lOHS, the exhaust port 17 and valve 10 may be dispensed with. it prefen-ed, in which case the check valve 31 in port 15 is also dispensed with and an adjustable needle-valve 1.8 is provided for regulating the capacit of said port 15 tor the passage oi air. said needle-valv being directed through the piston rod T from the lower end of the latter and having its point located in or adjacent to said port whereby the latter may be restricted. asshown in Fig. 4. Thus. air alternately enters and exhausts from the chamber 9 through the port 15, said air shitting back and forth between said-chamber l and said chamber 10 With the n nivements of said cylinder l with respect to the piston.

The socket portion of the ball-and-soeket joint 3 may have a portion thereof. as 1!), formed on or integral with the slide of the cylinder 1. as shown in Fig. l. or may have said portion formed integral with the screw cap as shown at 15) in Fig. 1. The ball "31 is formed on the end of a short stem 22 carried by an upright. bar 1 5 which has its upper end received within a casing 12-11: which is formed on. or integral with. one side of aclamp 25 which embraces or seats upon an axle 26 ol the vehicle. I

Provision is made for adjusting my invention to vehicles varying in distance between the axle and thelrame-mounting point, by forming a plurality of notches 27 in the side of the bar 23 adjacent to the axle, and

' providing a key or analogous device. as 28, shown in Figs. 1. 2 and 3, for interlocking 'irom said outer cylinder to tile said bar with the clamp Said key seats in a recess 29 provided therejtor in said clamp. has its outer face provided with teeth 31') for seating in said notches 2?, and has its rear face shaped to eorres 'iond with the, portion of the axle it; to be engaged thereby. llaving adjusted the-bar 22; in the casing it to proper position. said key is inserted in the recess .29 in substan tially the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1; then. applying the clamp to the axle. said key is driven forward carrying its teeth 31 into the registering notches 27. as the clamp is tightened on the axle. instead of the segment-shaptal key '38. one or more substantially rectangular pins 2U may be employed. as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, separate spaced recesses it being provided therefor in the clamp.

What is claimed-is-- 1. A shock absorber comprising a pair of cylinders one of which is telescoped within the other. each cylinder having its outer end closed and the inner cylinder having; its inner end closed. a piston disposed within said inner cylinder. a piston rod extending from said piston through the closed inner end of said inncrcylinder and being ilKQd to the closed outer end of the outer cylinder. an inlet port; for admitting air to the outer cylinder, a port for admitting air inner cylinder between the inner closed. end of the latter and said piston. and a port leading through the piston and piston rodpermit ting communication between the portions of said inner cylinder at opposite sides of said piston. the last; mentioned port opening at its lower end at a distance from the piston and being adapted to be closed by the inner closed end of said inner cylinder upon close approach of said end and said. piston.

2. A. shock absorber comprising;- a pair of cylinders one of which telescoped within the other each cylinderhaving its outer end closed and the inner cylinder having its inner end closed, a piston disposed within said inner cylinder. a'piston, rod extending from said piston through the closed inner end of said inner eylindeand being byed to the closed outer end of the outer cylinder, an inlet port lor admitting ail to the outer cylinder, a check valve controlling said port. a port :lor admitting air from said outer cylinder to the inner cylinder bet'veen the inner closed end of the latter and 'sait't piston. a check valve controllil'ig the last mentioned port, and a port leading through the piston and piston rod'perinitting communieatitm between. the portions of said inner eylii. atopposite sides of said piston, the mentioned port opening at its lower eat a distance from the piston and being at.

,to each other, said cylinders having their outer ends closed and the innercylinder having its inner end closed to term a chamber at the outer end of said outer cylindena piston dividing the inner cylinder into two chambers, means aiiording communication for air between said two caambers, except when said piston and said closed inner end closely approach each other, means permitting the passage of air from the first mentioned chamber to the middle chamber, check-valve controlled passage for admitting atmospheric air to said first mentioned chamber, and means maintaining said piston in fixed relation to the outer cylinder.

4:. A,,shoch absorber coin-prising a pair of telescoped cylinders movable with respect to each otlier, said cylinders having their are said piston in fixed relation to the outer eylinder, and adjustable means for connecting the outer cylinder to a vehicle axle.

(S, A shock absorber comprising a pair of telescoped cylinders movable with respect to each other, said cylinders having their outer ends closed and the inner cylinder having its inner end closed to form a chamat the outer end of said outer cylinder, a piston dividing the inner cylinder into two chambers, means aiiording communication for air. between said two chambers,

means permitting the passage of air from the first mentioned chamber to the middle chamber, a passage for admitting atmospheric air to said first mentioned chamber, a check valve in said passage for preventing the escape of air therethrough whereby a o cushion is formed upon the approach of the outer end of the outer cylinder and the inner end of the inner cylinder, a checkvalve controlled passage through ivla ch air ,exhansts from the outer chamber-oi the inonter ends closed and the inner cylinder having its end closed to form a chainat the outer end of outer cylinder, a piston dividing the inn cylinder into two chambers, means aii'oi communicaion tor air between said-two cl cl: s, cept when said piston and closed inner 'end closely approach er, a checlo valve controlled for ..;initting air fromithe first mentii iber to the middle chan'iher, check-vsve controlled for admitting atmospheric? air to said st mentioned chamber, a port for shausting air "from the outer end of said inner cylinder, said port opening into said cylinder at a distancefrom its outer end andbeing a apted to be r nsed by tie piston when the latter clos l id end, and a piston rod attains losed outer end of the outer cylinder and extending through the closed inner end of the inner cylinder whereby said piston is maintained in fixed relation to said outer cylinder.

5. A shock absorber eomprmng a pair 01 telescoped cylinders movable with respect to each other, said cylinders l wing their outer ends closed and the inner cylinder having its inner end closed to form a chamber at the outer end of said outer cylinder, a piston dividing the inner cylinder into two chambers, means afiording con'miunication for air between said two chambers, means permitting the passage of air from the list ner cylinder, and means maintaining said piston in fixed relation to the outer cylinder.

7, fr shock absorber comprising a pair of tclescoped cylinders movable with respect vto each other, said cylinders having their on ends closed and the inner cylinder having its inner end closed to form a chamber at outer end of said outer cylinder, a p'ston dividing the inner cylinder into two chambers, a passage permitting communical. for air between said two chambers, saio'. passage-being adapted to be closed upon the close approach of thepiston and closed end of the inner cylinder, a checkl've controlled passage for admitting air n the first mentioned chamber to the m the chamber, a check-valve controlled passage for admitting atmospheric air to said first mentioned chamber, and a piston rod attached to the closed outer end of the outer cylinder and extending through the to each other, said cylinders having their out-er ends closed and the inn-er cylinder hav ing its inner end closed to form a chamber at the outer end. of said outer cylinder, a piston dividing the inner cylinder into two chambers, valve controlled means communication for air between two mentioned chamber to the middle chamber,

passage for admitting atmospheric air to said first mentioned chamber, a check valve chambers, a checlevalve controlled passage for adliilttlng air trom the first mentioned chamber to the middle chamber, a passage in said passage for preventing the escape of air lOIn said first mentioned chamber when said cylinders move inward with respect to each other whereby an air cushion 1S iiormed in said chamber, and means maintalning for admitting atmospheric air to said first mentioned chamber, a check valve preventthe exhaust of air through said passage whereby a cushion o ii air is formed upon. the approach of the outeti-end ot' the outer cylinder ami the inner end of the inner eylin- In testimony whereof, I afi-EX my signature flex, and a piston rod attached to the closed 111 presence of two SUbSOYlbHIgWl GIIGSSBS- outex end of the outer-cylinder and extend P w v 7 v i XN Ju P. ALKER. mg through the closed lime-r end of the 1nw w ner cylmder Wheyeby said. piston is main- Witnesses:

tamed 1x1 fixed IBliilOfl to sale]. outer cy1- H. E. DUNLAP,

inder, W. View. 

